Methodology · 7 Years · 6 Industry Projects · Peer-Reviewed

I spent seven years inside Fortune 500 companies developing a methodology to de-risk innovation decisions. Then I had it peer-reviewed.

Provotyping — structured provocation through low-fidelity prototypes — surfaces hidden assumptions before they become expensive mistakes. Developed across healthcare, automotive, smart home, and civic engagement projects, then validated with statistical rigor. The PhD certified what industry already proved: this approach works.

6
Industry projects
across 5 sectors
5
Peer-reviewed
publications
2
Major design
awards
p=.03
Statistical proof
that design affects motivation
10
Actionable heuristics
for practitioners
Institution
IIT Institute of Design (PhD in Design)
Industry Partners
Harman International (Samsung), Rheem Mfg, Huemen Design
Government Partners
PCORI, Chicago City Hall, Chicago Cultural Affairs
Recognition
Fast Company 2020 · Core77 2015 · CHI · CES
PhD Industry Collaboration
01
The Problem

Innovation teams can't get feedback on experiences people haven't imagined yet

Every innovation team faces the same fundamental challenge: users can't give meaningful feedback on experiences they haven't integrated into their lives. Sometimes the technology doesn't exist yet. Often it does exist but people haven't discovered how it fits into the way they work or live.

Traditional prototyping validates solutions at the end of projects — when changing course is most expensive. Design thinking prototypes explore ideas collaboratively — but stay within familiar frameworks. Meanwhile, stakeholders jump to early decisions based on their own biases, and once a problem is framed, changing the outcome becomes extraordinarily difficult.

Especially now, with the rise of AI: the main problem is becoming adoption after the novelty and hype. Understanding motivation and cultural values is the key to designing technology that people feel connected to — finding positive meaning each time they use it, rather than abandoning it once initial excitement fades.

Reality is not disciplinary — problems don't have professional labels. My knowledge only makes sense in the way I can empower my team, navigating ambiguity and complexity safely, sharing this feeling with clients and making them comfortable with projects that begin with high uncertainty but end with products people love.

Structured Provocation Model
The Structured Provocation Model — mapping how provocations bridge problem framing and meaning creation in innovation projects
02
The Framework

Provotyping: where it fits and why it's different

Through six industry projects across healthcare, automotive, smart home, public policy, and education, I developed a systematic framework distinguishing provotypes from traditional approaches. This comparison became a consulting deliverable for cross-functional alignment — helping stakeholders understand when to use which approach.

Dimension Provotypes Design Thinking Prototypes Industry Prototypes
WhenEarly stagesMiddle of processEnd of process
IntentUnveil assumptionsExplore ideasValidate solutions
HowChallenge beliefsBuild agreementRefine details
FocusMeaning framesProblem framesSolution implementation
MindsetDefianceCollaborativeAuthoritative
RoleProvocateur / UnveilerFacilitatorIndustry expert
ApproachStakeholder-centeredUser-centeredExpert-centered

The provotyping tool: three interaction attributes

Beyond the framework, I developed a practical tool for designing provotypes. Three attributes emerged as the primary dimensions for manipulating experience:

The Provotyping Tool
The Provotyping Tool — three interaction attributes (Time, Space, Information) as structured continua for designing provocations
03
Industry Projects

Six projects, five industries — every case study was embedded in real organizations

This methodology was not developed in a lab and then tested in industry. It was developed inside industry and then formalized through academic rigor. Each case study involved real stakeholders, real budgets (or zero budgets), real products, and real consequences.

Public Policy

SkyWords: Civic Engagement at Chicago City Hall

A site-specific installation giving voice to constituents typically excluded from policy decisions — challenging assumptions about how citizens want to participate in democracy.

📄 Published: CHI 2013 · Chicago Cultural Affairs Dept
Clinical Research

CHICAGO Trial: Pediatric Asthma Discharge Redesign

NIH/PCORI-funded study across 6 hospitals. Provotypes revealed the ER discharge moment was too stressful for information retention — completely reframing the design challenge.

🏆 Core77 Winner 2015 · Published: J. Comparative Effectiveness Research
Interaction Technology

Visual Workflows: Collaborative Knowledge Management

Research into shared digital surfaces replacing one-device-per-person. Explored how spatial proximity affects knowledge sharing behavior and decision-making.

📄 Published: Design & Emotion 2014, Bogotá
Corporate IoT

Rheem Smart Home: Information for Meaningful Interactions

Fortune 500 project revealing the "Nonchalant" user who doesn't want optimization — challenging the entire product strategy for connected appliances.

✅ Product launched · 30% UX improvement · View full case study →
Corporate Automotive

UMA: Autonomous Vehicle Experiences for 2030

Built an immersive research lab with zero budget inside Harman/Samsung. Explored the transition from driver culture to autonomous passengers.

🏆 Fast Company 2020 · CES Presentation · View full case study →
Teaching & Transfer

IPRO: Internet of Meaningful Things

Taught provotyping to interdisciplinary student teams at IIT. Students applied the framework to IoT systems with real community impact — proving the methodology transfers beyond expert practitioners.

🎓 IIT Interprofessional Projects · Ed Kaplan Family Institute
SkyWords at Chicago City Hall
SkyWords installation at Chicago City Hall — playful technology challenging assumptions about civic participation
CHICAGO Trial materials
CHICAGO Trial — provotypes revealed that discharge moment stress prevented information retention, reframing the entire design challenge
Visual Workflows research
Visual Workflows — exploring how shared digital surfaces change collaborative decision-making behavior
Rheem provotype session
Rheem research — low-fidelity provocations revealed four behavioral personas including the paradigm-shifting "Nonchalant" user
Autonomous vehicle lab
Autonomous vehicle lab — built with zero budget using projectors, foamboard, and edited visualizations
IPRO teaching
Teaching provotyping methodology to interdisciplinary student teams for real community impact
04
Statistical Validation

Proving that design decisions have measurable psychological effects

While the methodology was developed through qualitative case studies, the final validation applied quantitative rigor. I designed a controlled experiment using Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to measure how different interaction models affect motivation for long-term behavior change.

Experimental design

  • Independent variable: Proxemics — three spatial configurations (personal, social, public)
  • Dependent variable: SDT motivation regulations (external, introjected, identified, integrated)
  • Method: Repeated measures ANOVA + semi-structured interviews
  • Result: Personal/intimate conditions significantly reduced external regulation (p=.03)

What this proves

When you design an interface to feel more private and personal, users make more self-determined decisions. When you make it social and public, external pressure increases. This isn't a design opinion — it's statistical evidence.

The methodological contribution: interaction design attributes can function as controlled independent variables to test behavioral theories. This bridges design research and experimental psychology.

Three experimental conditions
Three experimental conditions — manipulating proxemics from personal to public space to measure motivation impact
ANOVA results
Repeated measures ANOVA results — statistical evidence that spatial design affects motivation quality
05
Practitioner Heuristics

Ten principles for implementing provotyping in any innovation project

The research culminated in actionable principles validated through both qualitative case studies and the controlled experiment. These aren't academic abstractions — they're decision rules for innovation teams.

10 provotyping heuristics
Provotyping heuristics organized into implementation categories — actionable principles for innovation teams

Publications

CHI 2013"SkyWords: An Engagement Machine at Chicago City Hall"
Design & Emotion 2014"Visual Workflows for Design Project Knowledge Management"
Persuasive 2014"Structured Controlled Reflexivity Prototyping for Persuasive Technologies"
JCER 2015"Engaging Stakeholders to Design a Comparative Effectiveness Trial in Children with Uncontrolled Asthma"
Design for Next 2019"Research through Provocation: A Structured Prototyping Tool Using Interaction Attributes"
06
Impact & Reflection

What I learned building a methodology inside industry

Start corporate partnerships early

The richest insights came from embedded industry work, not isolated academic studies. Every case study was conducted inside a real organization with real stakeholders and real consequences.

Creativity and rigor aren't opposites

Sometimes creativity is essential to create provocations in early project stages. Rigor follows to collect clean data and share what matters to people — not what designers and executives assume.

Methodology must be transferable

Frameworks that can't be taught have limited impact. The provotyping heuristics, the dimensions table, the Time/Space/Information tool — these were designed to work without the researcher present.

The opposite of rejection is ownership

When stakeholders participate in the provocation, they own the revelations. Empower stakeholders, don't present to them — co-creation produces adoption, not resistance.

This isn't academic theory disconnected from industry. Products launched to market. Awards won. Statistical significance achieved. Methodology taught and transferred. The PhD certified what six industry projects already proved.

Methods & Tools

Research approaches

Provotyping Methodology Mixed Methods Design Controlled Experimentation Repeated Measures ANOVA Longitudinal Case Studies Semi-structured Interviews Grounded Theory Contextual Inquiry Co-design Workshops

Theoretical frameworks

Self-Determination Theory Proxemics Theory Research Through Provocation Phenomenology Behavioral Science Persuasive Technology

Deliverables created

Structured Provocation Model Provotyping Dimensions Framework 10 Provotyping Heuristics Time/Space/Information Tool Mixed Methods Validation Protocol 5 Peer-Reviewed Publications IPRO Course Curriculum

Stakeholder management

C-Suite Presentation CES Event Coordination Academic-Industry Translation Government Agency Collaboration Multi-hospital Research Coordination Student Team Mentorship

Explore more work

See individual case studies demonstrating provotyping in practice

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